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Name/Color
Description
Photo
Emerald.  Green to bluish green The most valuable form of beryl and one of the world's most precious gems. Color comes from chromium. Mohs' hardness rating of 8, but sometimes brittle.
Ruby.  Various shades of red. Corundum (aluminum oxide), the same family as sapphire, with the color coming from chromium. Mohs' hardness rating of 9.
Sapphire.  Blue, pink, green and yellow. The colored varieties of corundum, with the color coming from iron and titanium. Mohs' hardness rating of 9.
Ceylon Sapphire.  Slightly greenish blue to violetish blue. Genuine sapphires, part of the Corundum gem family. Mohs' hardness rating of 9.
Amethyst.  Pale lilac to deep purple. The most precious form of quartz, amethyst receives its color from iron and manganese. Durable, with a Mohs' hardness rating of 7.
Aqumarine.  Pale blue, greenish to deep blue. A variety of beryl, like emerald. The color comes from iron. Its Mohs' hardness rating is 8, making it very durable.
Citrine.  Pale yellow to golden amber. A counterpart to amethyst, citrine is quartz with iron. It has a Mohs' hardness rating of 7 and wears quite well.
Opal. Iridescent white and sometimes black. Semi-translucent silicon dioxide with patches of many colors showing through. Mohs' hardness rating of 6.
Peridot.  Pale lime to olive green. A crystal form of magnesium, iron and silicon. Its color varies with the proportion of the ingredients. Mohs' hardness rating of 6
Name/Color
Description
Photo
Tanzanite.  Pale to deep violet and blue. Crystal of zoisite, a mineral formed of silicon, calcium and aluminum. Has a relatively soft Mohs' hardness rating of 6.
Topaz.  Pale blue to pink to yellow. A mixture of silicon, aluminum, fluorine and hydroxyl. Comes in many colors, with blue most common. Mohs' hardness rating of 8.
Garnet.  Red and most other colors except blue. Silicates of aluminum, iron and magnesium; the level of iron or magnesium determines the color. Mohs' hardness rating of 7.
Emerald.  Green to bluish green Opaque variety of quartz with alternating black areas interspersed with lighter-colored lines. Color from silicon dioxide. Mohs' hardness rating of 7.

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